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Pelvic Floor Dysfunction

Pelvic floor dysfunction occurs when the pelvic floor muscles become weakened or do not work in a coordinated way. This can affect bladder, bowel and pelvic support function.

Commonality

Causes

Common contributing factors include:

  • Pregnancy and childbirth

  • Ageing and menopause

  • Pelvic surgery

  • Chronic straining or heavy lifting

  • Genetic weakness of connective tissue

Symptoms

Symptoms may include:

  • Urinary leakage

  • Difficulty emptying the bladder

  • Pelvic pressure

  • Bowel symptoms

Effects on Fertility

Diagnosis

Assessment may include:

  • Medical history – discussion of symptoms, pregnancy history, previous surgery and lifestyle factors

  • Pelvic examination – helps assess pelvic floor strength and identify signs of prolapse

  • Pelvic imaging – helps assess the bladder and support of the pelvic organs

  • Urodynamic testing (in selected cases) – specialised bladder testing that evaluates how the bladder stores and releases urine

Treatments

Treatment options may include:

  • Pelvic floor physiotherapy

  • Lifestyle adjustments

  • Bladder training

  • Weight management


When symptoms are severe or do not improve with conservative treatment, surgery may be considered.

Ongoing Care

Living with the Condition

Pelvic floor dysfunction can affect comfort, confidence and quality of life. Many women experience significant improvement with pelvic floor therapy and other conservative treatments.

When to See a Specialist

You should seek specialist assessment if you experience:

  • Urinary leakage

  • Difficulty emptying the bladder

  • Pelvic pressure or heaviness

  • Bowel symptoms

  • Symptoms affecting quality of life or confidence

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