Commonality
Causes
Urinary incontinence can occur when the pelvic floor and bladder support structures become weakened or damaged.
Common contributing factors include:
Pregnancy and childbirth
Ageing and menopause
Pelvic surgery
Chronic straining or heavy lifting
Genetic weakness of connective tissue
Symptoms
Symptoms may include:
Leakage of urine when coughing, sneezing or laughing
Leakage during exercise
Sudden urgency to urinate
Difficulty reaching the toilet in time
Mixed symptoms involving both stress and urgency incontinence
Effects on Fertility
Diagnosis
Assessment may include:
Medical history – discussion of symptoms, pregnancy history, previous surgery and lifestyle factors
Pelvic examination – helps assess pelvic floor strength and identify signs of prolapse
Urine testing – used to check for infection or bladder irritation
Pelvic imaging – helps assess the bladder and support of the pelvic organs
Urodynamic testing (in selected cases) – specialised bladder testing that evaluates how the bladder stores and releases urine
These investigations help identify the cause of urinary incontinence and guide the most appropriate treatment plan.
Treatments
Treatment options may include:
Pelvic floor physiotherapy
Bladder training
Lifestyle adjustments
Weight management
Medication
Surgical treatment where appropriate
Ongoing Care
Living with the Condition
Urinary incontinence can affect confidence, exercise, social activities and quality of life. Many women feel embarrassed discussing symptoms, but effective treatments are available and symptoms should not simply be accepted as a normal part of ageing or childbirth.